The B&B Rail Trail, often referred to as the Buffalo and Susquehanna (B&S) or the "B&B Cast Trail" by local historians, is a 27-mile multi-use corridor stretching through the heart of the Pennsylvania Wilds. Connecting DuBois to the Medix Run area, this trail offers a rugged, scenic journey through historical coal and lumber country, providing premier opportunities for elk viewing, gravel cycling, and long-distance hiking.
The Historical Legacy of the Buffalo and Susquehanna (B&B)
To understand the 27-mile B&B Rail Trail, one must first look at the industrial ambition that carved it out of the Appalachian mountains. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Buffalo and Susquehanna Railroad was a vital artery for the region’s "Cast Iron" and "Coal" industries. Founded by the Goodyear brothers, Frank and Charles, the railroad was designed to transport timber and bituminous coal from the deep woods of North Central Pennsylvania to the industrial hubs in New York and beyond.
The "B&B" moniker is a colloquialism that has persisted for over a century, likely stemming from the "B&S" (Buffalo and Susquehanna) initials or early local partnerships like the Bellis and Barnhart operations that utilized the line. The "Cast" designation frequently associated with the trail refers to the heavy industrial history of the line, which once transported cast iron components and coal essential for the steel mills of the era.
By the mid-20th century, the decline of the coal and lumber industries led to the abandonment of many rail lines. However, the B&B corridor was preserved through the efforts of local conservationists and the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (DCNR). Today, it stands as a testament to Pennsylvania's industrial heritage, repurposed into a recreational path that maintains much of its original, rugged character.
Route Overview: Navigating the 27-Mile Corridor
The B&B Rail Trail is not a sanitized city park path; it is a wilderness trail that traverses diverse landscapes. The 27-mile stretch is generally categorized into three distinct segments, each offering a different experience for users.
The Southern Segment: DuBois to Sabula (6 Miles)
Starting at the southern trailhead near DuBois, the trail begins with a relatively gentle grade. This section is the most "civilized," featuring a surface of crushed limestone that is suitable for hybrid bicycles and casual walkers. As you move toward Sabula, the trail gains slight elevation, passing through dense hardwoods and crossing several small bridges that span the headwaters of the Sandy Lick Creek.
The Central Segment: Sabula to Penfield (8 Miles)
This portion of the trail takes users over the Eastern Continental Divide. It is here that the engineering marvels of the old railroad are most visible. The trail passes near the site of the historic Sabula Tunnel. While the tunnel itself is largely inaccessible for safety reasons, the surrounding "cut" through the mountain provides a cool, damp microclimate even in the height of summer. The surface here transitions from crushed stone to a more natural mixture of dirt and reclaimed ballast.
The Northern Segment: Penfield to Medix Run (13 Miles)
The northernmost 13 miles represent the "wild" side of the B&B Trail. Entering the Elk State Forest and the Quehanna Wild Area, this section is remote. The trail follows the winding path of the Bennett Branch of the Sinnemahoning Creek. Users should expect a more rugged surface, including grass, larger gravel, and occasional muddy patches after rainfall. This is the primary territory for Pennsylvania’s famous elk herd, and sightings are common, particularly in the early morning or late evening.
Trail Conditions and Technical Specifications
As of 2026, the B&B Rail Trail remains a "multi-use" facility, but its technical requirements vary significantly based on your chosen activity.
- Surface Type: The southern six miles are improved with limestone. The remaining 21 miles are unimproved "wild" rail-grade, consisting of native soil, original railroad ballast (large stones), and mown grass.
- Elevation Profile: Being a rail trail, the grade is consistently shallow, rarely exceeding 2% to 3%. However, the long, steady climb over the Continental Divide can be fatiguing for those not accustomed to sustained inclines.
- Biking Requirements: A mountain bike or a gravel bike with at least 40mm tires is highly recommended. Thin-tired road bikes are not suitable for the sections north of Sabula due to the loose ballast and potential for washouts.
- Equestrian Use: The B&B is one of the few rail trails in the region that welcomes horse riders. The wide corridor and natural surface in the northern segments are ideal for trail riding.
- Winter Usage: In the winter months, the trail is a popular route for cross-country skiing and snowshoeing. Snowmobiles are permitted on specific segments when snow depth allows, typically managed by local clubs in coordination with the Pennsylvania DCNR.
Wildlife and Natural Wonders: The Elk Country Experience
The primary draw for many visitors to the 27-mile B&B Trail is the opportunity to witness the Pennsylvania Elk. This region is part of the designated "Elk Country," and the B&B Trail acts as a silent highway through their habitat.
Seasonal Highlights
- The Rut (September–October): This is the most popular time to visit. The bull elk are active, and their distinctive bugling can be heard echoing through the valleys. The foliage on the trail during this period is spectacular, with maples and oaks turning vibrant shades of red and gold.
- Spring Calving (May–June): As the forest greens up, newborn calves can often be spotted in the meadows adjacent to the trail. This is also a peak time for birdwatching, as migratory species return to the Bennett Branch valley.
Safety Near Wildlife
It is vital to remember that elk are wild animals and can be unpredictable, especially during the rut or when protecting calves. Trail users are required by law to maintain a distance of at least 100 yards from elk. Feeding or harassing the animals is strictly prohibited and carries significant fines.
Trailheads and Logistics
Accessing a 27-mile linear trail requires careful planning, particularly regarding parking and water.
| Trailhead Location | Coordinates (Approx.) | Amenities | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|
| DuBois Southern Terminus | 41.1213, -78.7612 | Paved parking, Signage | Cyclists, Casual Walkers |
| Sabula Lake Access | 41.1625, -78.7015 | Gravel lot, Near Lake | Fishing/Hiking combo |
| Penfield (Winterburn Rd) | 41.2010, -78.5840 | Small gravel pull-off | Accessing the "Wild" North |
| Medix Run Northern End | 41.3280, -78.3850 | Large lot, Visitor Info | Elk viewing, Camping access |
Water and Supplies
There are no water fountains or convenience stores directly on the trail between the major town hubs of DuBois and Medix Run. Users must carry all necessary hydration and nutrition. In the northern 13 miles, cell phone service is extremely spotty or non-existent. It is highly recommended to download offline maps (such as those provided by TrailLink) or carry a physical topographical map.
Safety and Wilderness Preparedness
Because the B&B Rail Trail traverses remote sections of the Elk State Forest, safety must be a priority. The "27-mile" length is deceptive; while the grade is easy, the isolation is real.
- The "Leave No Trace" Principle: There are no trash cans along the trail. Everything you carry in must be carried out. This is especially important in elk country to prevent habituating wildlife to human food.
- Weather Hazards: The Pennsylvania Wilds are subject to rapid weather changes. Sudden thunderstorms can cause localized flooding near the creek-side sections of the trail. Always check the forecast for Clearfield and Elk Counties before heading out.
- Hunting Seasons: Large portions of the trail pass through State Game Lands and State Forests where hunting is permitted. During the fall and winter hunting seasons, all trail users should wear at least 250 square inches of fluorescent orange clothing.
- Emergency Communication: Given the lack of cell service in the Medix Run area, consider carrying a satellite messenger (like a Garmin inReach) if you are traveling alone or completing the full 27-mile thru-hike/ride.
Maintenance and Community Support
The B&B Rail Trail is a community-driven project. While the DCNR provides oversight, much of the day-to-day maintenance—brush clearing, downed tree removal, and signage updates—is performed by volunteers. Organizations like the B&B Rail Trail Association work tirelessly to secure grants for surface improvements.
As of 2026, there are ongoing discussions regarding the "filling of the gaps"—small sections of the trail where private property or bridge washouts require short detours onto low-traffic backroads. Supporting these local associations through memberships or donations is the best way to ensure the trail remains open and improves over time.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is the B&B Rail Trail paved?
No, the trail is not paved. The southern portion near DuBois consists of crushed limestone, which is smooth and easy to navigate. However, the majority of the 27 miles consists of a more rugged, natural surface including dirt, grass, and railroad ballast. It is best suited for mountain bikes, gravel bikes, or sturdy hiking boots.
Are dogs allowed on the trail?
Yes, dogs are permitted on the B&B Rail Trail but must be kept on a leash at all times. This is both for the safety of your pet and the local wildlife. Unleashed dogs can disturb elk or encounter other predators like black bears and coyotes which inhabit the Quehanna Wild Area.
Can I camp along the B&B Rail Trail?
Direct camping on the trail surface or within the rail corridor is generally prohibited. However, the trail passes through the Elk State Forest, which allows primitive motorized and backpack camping with a permit. There are also established campgrounds in the Medix Run and Parker Dam State Park areas, which are a short distance from the trail.
Is the Sabula Tunnel open for through-travel?
No. The Sabula Tunnel is structurally unsound and has been closed for many years. The trail route bypasses the tunnel, taking users over or around the cut. Entering the tunnel is dangerous and considered trespassing.
Are there any fees to use the trail?
There are no fees for hiking, biking, or horseback riding on the B&B Rail Trail. It is a public resource. However, if you are using the trail for snowmobiling, your vehicle must be properly registered and insured according to Pennsylvania state law.
What is the best time of year to see elk on the trail?
While elk can be seen year-round, the best time is during the "rut" in late September and early October. During this time, the bulls are very vocal and active. The hour after sunrise and the hour before sunset are the peak viewing times.
Final Recommendation for Visitors
If you are planning to tackle the 27-mile B&B Rail Trail in 2026, start with the southern section from DuBois if you prefer a leisurely, well-maintained experience. If you are an experienced adventurer looking for the "true" Pennsylvania Wilds, begin at the Medix Run trailhead and head south into the heart of elk country. Regardless of your choice, ensure you have a sturdy vehicle for the trailhead access, plenty of water, and a camera ready for the stunning vistas and wildlife encounters that define this historic industrial corridor.
